ABSTRACT
Chromosomally derived sterility has long been recognized. A review of the literature of somatic chromosome investigations in infertile males has shown that 13.7% of azoospermic males and 4.6% of oligozoospermic males have an abnormal karyotype. In the first group, sex chromosome abnormalities predominate (mainly 47,XXY), whereas in the latter, autosome anomalies (i.e. Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations) are the most frequent. A similar review on meiotic studies revealed that meiotic chromosome anomalies can explain male infertility in 4.3-40.4% of patients. Recently, fluorescent in-situ hybridization studies on spermatozoa from infertile men were published; it was suggested that both X-Y pairing and pairing of the autosomes were impaired, resulting in spermatogenic disruption. It is estimated that there are 2,000 genes that regulate spermatogenesis, most of these being present on the autosomes, but there are approximately 30 genes on the Y chromosome. In general, autosomal genes that regulate spermatogenesis are concerned with regulation of metabolic processes in other cells in the body as well as in the cells of spermatogenesis, whereas Y genes are not essential for vital functions related to reproduction. To be able to provide proper counseling for those couples whose male infertility can now be treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, it is suggested that clinical investigations should include mitotic and meiotic studies, an analysis of the chromosome content of individual spermatozoa and a DNA analysis of blood and spermatozoa to detect partially deleted Y chromosome material. We have experienced a case of azoospermia associated with inversion of chromosome 1. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Abnormal Karyotype , Azoospermia , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 , Counseling , DNA , Family Characteristics , Infertility , Infertility, Male , Metabolism , Reproduction , Sex Chromosome Aberrations , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoa , Y ChromosomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pentoxifylline(PF) on the conventional ICSI program undergone in severe asthenozoospermia. METHOD: Total 348 cycles of ICSI programs undertaken at CHA General Hospital from January, 1996 to September, 2000, were divided into two groups - injected with pentoxifylline-treated sperm(PFT, 204 cycles) or non-treated sperm(NPFT, 144 cycles) and the clinical results of PFT group were compared with those of NPFT. RESULTS: PF-treatment on sperm increased their motility of normozoospermia and severe asthenozoospermia. Fertilization rate of PFT group was higher than those of ICSI programs undertaken using sperm of NPFT(70.6% vs. 62.9%, p<0.01). And, ET and clinical pregnancy rates of PFT were slightly higher than those of NPFT(93.1%, 44.2% vs. 90.3%, 36.2%). CONCLUSION: These results showed that treatment of pentoxifylline has a beneficial role on selection of viable sperm in severe asthenozoospermia.
Subject(s)
Asthenozoospermia , Fertilization , Hospitals, General , Pentoxifylline , Pregnancy Rate , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus is a prerequisite for both the initiation and maintenance of the reproductive axis in humans. Failure of this episodic GnRH secretion results in the clinical syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Deficient GnRH secretion may occur in isolation (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: IHH), in association with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome), or as a result of a variety of structural and functional lesions of the hypothalamic pituitary axis. The familial occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with anosmia, color blindness, synkinesia, and mental defect is the classic Kallmann syndrome. Affected individuals respond readily to pulsatile administration of exogenous GnRH, and clearly this is the most physiologic approach to ovulation induction. For women not seeking pregnancy, replacement therapy with exogenous estrogen and progestin is indicated. We have experienced a case of Kallmann syndrome which was conceived by administration of gonadotropin. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Color Vision Defects , Estrogens , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Gonadotropins , Hypogonadism , Hypothalamus , Kallmann Syndrome , Olfaction Disorders , Ovulation InductionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of obese infertile women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Height, weight, body mass index, menstrual pattern, glucose, insulin, glucose / insulin ratio, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone, free testosterone and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) of 15 obese infertile women were tested. RESULTS: Of 15 obese infertile women, the number of diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance was 2 (13%), 2 (13%), 2 (13%), respectively. The incidence of increased DHEA-S, testosterone, and free testosterone was 7 (47%), 1 (7%), 6 (40%), respectively. Notably, all patients showed increased PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with infertility as well as many kinds of health problems. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and it also causes hyperandrogenism. Increased PAI-1 is one of the important causes of thrombophilia. Consequently, in the workup of obese infertile patient, many aspects of health problems should be considered.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Weight , Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate , Diabetes Mellitus , Glucose , Hyperandrogenism , Hyperinsulinism , Incidence , Infertility , Insulin , Insulin Resistance , Obesity , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 , Plasminogen Activators , Testosterone , ThrombophiliaABSTRACT
A balanced translocation in a parent may produce unbalanced gametes leading to abortions or defective liveborn children, or interval infertility. It also may give rise to a balanced gamete resulting in a balanced carrier, or it may produce a cytogenetically normal gamete. The incidence of balanced chromosomal translocations in couples with multiple abortions was reported as 0% to 31%. This wide variation is related to the heterogeneous criteria used for patient selection. Because parents with balanced chromosomal rearrangements and history of only repeated abortions have a significant chance with each pregnancy of having a child with normal or balanced karyotype, the usual criteria for investigation include at least two abortions or reproductive losses. There is no evidence from several reported series that increasing the number of losses to three or more leads to any change in the yield of chromosomal rearrangements detected.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abortion, Spontaneous , Family Characteristics , Germ Cells , Incidence , Infertility , Karyotype , Parents , Patient Selection , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and to correlate them with clinicopathological factors in uterine cervical neoplasia. METHODS: A total 81 cervical biopsy specimens obtained from Jan.1995 to Aug. 1996 at YUMC were evaluated for the expressions of VEGF and TP : 9 were designated as benign, 6 as CIN 1, 11 as CIN 2, 12 as CIN 3, and 43 as invasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. We applied the immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies, such as VEGF and TP monoclonal antibody on formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded tissues. The results of immunostaining were correlated with various clinicopathological factors of cervical cancer and patient 5-year survival. RESULTS: As the cervical tumorigenesis progressed, there was significant increase of expression of VEGF and TP. VEGF expression was inversely correlated with stage of cervical cancer and showed a significant correlation with the depth of stromal invasion and lymphovascular space invasion. TP expression in cancer cells was significantly high in tumors with advanced stage, large tumor size, pelvic node metastasis. There was an inverse relationship between VEGF and TP expression. VEGF had no significant power to predict patient survival but TP showed statistically significant correlation with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: Both VEGF and TP play important roles in invasiveness of uterine cerival neoplasia. However, the former is important in early process and the latter in the late process of cervical tumorigenesis and affects the patient's survival in uterine cervical carcinoma, respectively.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Antibodies , Biopsy , Carcinogenesis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cervix Uteri , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Metastasis , Thymidine Phosphorylase , Thymidine , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AABSTRACT
Clear cell carcinoma of ovary is a rare epithelial ovarian tumor, and increased in its incidence recently. Clear cell carcinoma of ovary was known t,o be highly malignant than other epithelial ovarian tumors. The clinical and pathologic findings of two casea af clear cell carcinoma of ovary are reported and reviewed briefly.